The Act of Supremacy 1559 This required all clergymen and government officers to . The 1559 Religious Settlement was an honest attempt to bring as many as was possible into the fold - but it could never have satisfied the wishes of those who were at the religious extremes of society. This new amalgamated version, like its predecessors, set out how church services should be conducted and was itself to be used in those services. 8,000 priests and less important clergy did so. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1565/the-elizabethan-religious-settlement/. It is more accurate to call Whitgift and those like him conformists, since the word conservative carries connotations of Catholicism. Every church had to have a Bible in English available to its congregation, no further altars were to be destroyed, and pilgrimages were banned. The Act of Supremacy in 1534 removed any religious authority in England from the Pope and gave it to himself, and his heirs. 8,000 priests and less important clergy did so. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. The Elizabethan Settlement was religious legislation passed from 1559 to 1571 that intended to provide a compromise between English Catholics and Protestants. Elizabeth I knew that one of her first acts as queen needed to resolve the ongoing confusion about what the Church of England was. How could she reconcile the nation? [75], Catholics were forced to choose between attending Protestant services to comply with the law or refusing to attend. [115], Diarmaid MacCulloch states that Hooker's writings helped to create an "Anglican synthesis". The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603). Essay on Elizabeth's religious settlement. The Religious Settlement - GCSE History They reduced the number to thirty-nine, leaving out a few that they thought would most offend the Catholics. Anglicans started to define their Church as a via media or middle way between the religious extremes of Catholicism and Protestantism; Arminianism and Calvinism; and high church and low church. Matters were to be debated in a respectful fashion. [65], With the Queen's approval, Convocation also issued a second Book of Homilies with sermons on 20 topics. She tried to make everyone happy and to at least avoid infuriating any more people. She inherited an England deeply divided on religious issues. The Elizabethan Settlement intended to provide a compromise between Catholics and Protestants by incorporating elements of each faith into the Church of England. This group was led by Richard Neile of Durham and became known as the Durham House group. Taken together the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, supplemented by Royal Injunctions in July 1559, completed the settlement of religion upon which the Church of England is based. The first act passed by the House of Commons in February 1559 joined together a bill of supremacy, establishing Queen Elizabeth I as head of the church, with one of uniformity, dealing with the type of faith and service. The Elizabeth religious settlement was successfully - Quizlet Cite This Work The main features of the settlement include: establishing a Church of England that included Protestant beliefs and the Catholic hierarchical structure and making Queen Elizabeth I Supreme Governor of the Church. [13] At the same time, he calls the idea that the prayer book modifications were concessions to Catholics "absurd", writing that "these little verbal and visual adjustments" would never satisfy Catholic clergy and laity after the loss of "the Latin mass, monasteries, chantries, shrines, gilds and a compulsory celibate priesthood". Choosing to remain Catholic would surrender power to Rome and ally England with other Catholic states, such as France and Spain. [40] These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611 King James Version. 30 Apr 2023. [64][pageneeded] In 1571, Convocation finalised the Thirty-nine Articles. In 1568 a college was founded at Douai (Spanish Netherlands) which trained priests, whom would . It was a defeat for the Queen's legislative programme, so she withheld royal assent. We care about our planet! The Elizabethan religious settlement survived with the attrition of other religious beliefs and practices. Take a closer look with the unique Van de Velde drawings collection, How habitable are Jupiter's icy moons? Elizabeth was a Protestant, but not a zealous one as her brother Edward VI had been. The Church of England's refusal to adopt the patterns of the Continental Reformed churches deepened conflict between Protestants who desired greater reforms and church authorities who prioritised conformity. Elizabethan Settlement - The National Archives However, as a result of the Northern Rebellion, excommunication by the Pope and challenge of MQS, E was forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics. Most of the parish clergy were Catholics. When Elizabeth I became queen in 1558, England's religious situation was dire. Protestants thought the settlement did not provide enough reform. [30] The revised Book of Common Prayer removed this denunciation of the Pope. In 1564 there were shall engines to it from radical protestants and in 1 568 conservative Catholics also reacted against it.However despite such challenges, which were from a . Again, the question remained a moving target, and many-faced persecution as the definition of acceptable religion continued to shift. The first act passed by the House of Commons in February 1559 joined together a bill of supremacy, establishing Queen Elizabeth I as head of the church, with one of uniformity, dealing with the type of faith and service. Find out with the European Space Agency's groundbreaking mission, Explore how water and the sea seeps into Shakespeare's works with the National Maritime Museum, Search our online database and exploreour objects, paintings, archives and library collectionsfrom home, Come behind the scenes at our state-of-the-art conservation studio, Visit the world's largest maritime library and archive collection at the National Maritime Museum, The Van de Veldes: Greenwich, Art and the Sea, Astronomy Photographer of the Year exhibition, Coronation celebrations at Royal Museums Greenwich, A Sea of Drawings: the art of the Van de Veldes, The Prince Philip Maritime Collections Centre, Find out how you can use our collections for research, Royal Greenwich: A History in Kings and Queens by Pieter van der Merwe. In addition, the liturgy remained "more elaborate and more reminiscent of older liturgical forms" and "took no account of developments in Protestant thinking after the early 1550s". Article 34, for example, stated the following: It is not necessary that Traditions and Ceremonies be in all places one, or utterly alike; for at all times they have been divers, and may be changed according to the diversities of countries, times and men's manners, so [provided] that nothing be ordained against God's WordEvery particular or national church hath authority to ordain, change, and abolish ceremonies or rites of the Church. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Extremism would not be tolerated and name-calling and mud-slinging would not move things forward. Was the Elizabethan settlement successful? [15] At Westminster Abbeystill a Benedictine monasterythe Queen disapproved of what she considered Catholic superstition, telling the monks bearing candles in procession, "Away with those torches, for we see very well". Cartwright, M. (2020, June 02). In 1571, the Thirty-Nine Articles were adopted as a confessional statement for the church, and a Book of Homilies was issued outlining the church's reformed theology in greater detail. The English Civil War and overthrow of the monarchy allowed the Puritans to pursue their reform agenda and the dismantling of the Elizabethan Settlement for a period. Problems in Establishing the Religious Settlement (GCSE - tutor2u [42], To enforce her religious policies, Queen Elizabeth needed bishops willing to cooperate. Irregular Unions: Clandestine Marriage in Early Modern English Literature Elizabeth I: A Captivating Guide to the Queen of England Who Was the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The Elizabethan Settlement was religious legislation that provided a compromise between English Catholics and Protestants. There were obstacles, notably the presence of many Catholic bishops who had been appointed by Mary and many catholic-minded nobles in the government. In his private chapel, he added ceremonies and formulas not authorised in the prayer book, such as burning incense. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. But that does not mean that it was never again contested. During Henry's reign, the Church of England went semi-Lutheran in 1537, asserting that justification by faith alone was central to doctrine and that the church should eliminate saint worship. This bill would have returned the Church to its position at the death of Henry VIII rather than to that when Edward VI died. During this time, motets were replaced by anthems,[55] and William Byrd's Great Service was composed for the royal chapel and cathedrals. it seems, apart from the absence of images, that there is little difference between their ceremonies and those of the Church of Rome. [97] The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. One of the most visible differences from traditional Catholic churches was the replacement of the altar with a communion table. Discover the art of the Van de Veldes at the Queen's House, See the world's greatest space photography at the National Maritime Museum, Picnics and treats, free workshops and tours, plus a very special World Record attempt! The articles are based on the Forty-Two articles written by Thomas Cranmer in 1553 but could not be implemented because of Edward VI's death during the same year. This pressure meant that the Act was passed by Parliament but only by the slightest of majorities. [16] The Queen's principal secretary was Sir William Cecil, a moderate Protestant. [24], The lay peers joined the bishops in their opposition and succeeded in amending the bill considerably. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 02 June 2020. Anne gave birth to Henry's daughter; Elizabeth I and Henry was undoubtedly disappointed again. The Church will not prohibit oath-taking by Christians for civic purposes. Help us and translate this article into another language! Elizabeth . Changes needed to be introduced with a minimum of confrontation in order to overcome fear and suspicion at home and abroad. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1565/the-elizabethan-religious-settlement/. Which of the two mentioned historians do you agree with? In November, A Second Admonition to Parliament was publishedmost likely authored by Thomas Cartwright or Christopher Goodmanwhich presented a more detailed proposal for church reform along presbyterian lines. The Elizabethan Settlement was an attempt to end this religious turmoil. Although most people were able to sing, worship was dominated by choral liturgies, especially in the cathedrals. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Some Catholic religious opposition was not constraint to England, but failed to affect the successful establishment of Elizabeth's religious settlement. Create and find flashcards in record time. The queen's precise personal views on religion were difficult to determine. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. [21], When the Queen's first Parliament opened in January 1559, its chief goal was the difficult task of reaching a religious settlement. [74] Other leading Marian churchmen remained in England to serve as private chaplains to Catholic nobles and gentry. As a Protestant, Elizabeth had to tread carefully between both faiths to maintain unity. [17] Her Privy Council was filled with former Edwardian politicians, and only Protestants preached at Court. [100], In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the service book used in Geneva. The Queen still believed there should be a division between the chancel and the rest of the church. The visitation was conducted according to injunctions based on the Royal Injunctions of 1547. 5 Etching of Elizabeth I in Parliament. Those who refused to conform to the new Church of England were persecuted. Ultimately, all but two bishops (the undistinguished Anthony Kitchin of Llandaff and the absentee Thomas Stanley of Sodor and Man) lost their posts. [37] This combination could be interpreted as an affirmation of an objective real presence to those who believed in it, while others could interpret it to mean memorialism. "The Elizabethan Religious Settlement." [68][69][70] Efforts to introduce further religious reforms through Parliament or by means of Convocation were consistently blocked by the Queen. Elizabeth's cautious reforms resulted in 'a Church that was Protestant in doctrine, Catholic in appearance'. [29], The bill easily passed the House of Commons. As spokesman for the government, Bacon delivered its mission statement, to unite the people of this realm into a uniform order of religion'. By the 1580s, conformist Protestants (termed "parish anglicans" by Christopher Haigh and "Prayer Book protestants" by Judith Maltby) were becoming a majority. The injunctions ordered the "holy table" to be carried into the chancel during communion services but at all other times to be placed where the altar would have stood. 6 Essay on Thirty Nine Articles of Religion. [76] Initially, recusant priests advised the laity to simply abstain from Protestant communion. [30], The Ornaments Rubric was added as one of the concessions to traditionalists in order to gain passage in the Lords. EV-Elizabeth had followed her own conscience in establishing a Protestant church of England but she has made a compromise with Catholics as she needed the support of Catholic political classes to help her run the country. What was a Catholic element of the new Church of England? [118] Although Elizabeth I "cannot be credited with a prophetic latitudinarian policy which foresaw the rich diversity of Anglicanism", her preferences made it possible. How successful was the Elizabethan religious settlement? Examples of permissible music included metrical psalms and liturgical texts such as the Te Deum. Reactions to the Religious Settlement in Wales and England The belief that the wafer and wine literally transform into Christ's body and blood during Communion service. [71], In the early years of Elizabeth's reign, most Catholics hoped the Protestant ascendancy would be temporary, as it had been prior to Mary's restoration of papal authority. Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. Only one Catholic bishop took the oath to Elizabeth - all the rest refused and lost their office. This petition for church reform was referred to the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, which agreed to produce a new version of the Book of Common Prayer that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. Subsequently, two Catholics, John Felton and John Story, were executed for treason. Her brief reign sought to return England's church to Catholicism and reconcile with the Pope. The Church that Elizabeth created is unique. His rise to power has been identified with a "conservative reaction" against Puritanism. [80], By 1574, Catholic recusants had organised an underground Roman Catholic Church, distinct from the Church of England. It was also a concession to the Queen's Protestant supporters who objected to "supreme head" on theological grounds and who had concerns about a female leading the Church. . Elizabethan Religious Settlement Religion became a very divisive factor in people's lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. Justification by faith alone, meaning that salvation is a gift from God received through faith.
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