Both lenses use primary sources and facts to make conclusions. And even if it were meaningful to talk about the Earth having interest in its own existence, what existence would it be proper to say is best for it? Look up at the night sky, see the stars, planets and our closest neighbor, the moon. ability of humankind to explore and use that province is vital to our way of life., The New Horizons, US space probe that flew by Arrokoth on January 1, 2019 was an interesting And while my book focuses on NASA missions (I really wish traveling abroad to include missions from other space agencies would have been in my budget!) There are many benefits of space exploration, making it absolutely worth the cost. ), The mysterious vastness beyond Earth has allured many scientists to explore and contribute much of their effort to the understanding of space. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. While the technological and scientific challenges of working, living and travelling in space motivate students to pursue such studies, the impact of space activities on our lives on Earth, on relations between nations and organisations, and our collective imaginations, provides fertile ground for other experts to analyse space but from a more human perspective. Historians can tell a story and continue to explore scienc, the Strategic Defense Initiative, which would use ground- and space-based lasers, parti, ability of humankind to explore and use that province is vital to our way of life., contact binarythat is, two Kuiper belt objects that had mer. Well before technology made these achievements possible, however, space exploration had already captured the minds of many people, not only aircraft pilots and scientists but also writers and artists. PDF Science in Nasa'S Vision for Space Exploration Despite the fact that space might provide valuables for humanity, no predictions can be made about space exploration and be safely. Space science and technology are projects for the whole of humankind, reaching not only outside Earth's atmosphere, but also beyond our Solar System. These satellites quickly found numerous civilian uses in such areas as personal navigation, surveying and cartography, geology, air-traffic control, and the operation of information-transfer networks. These arguments are not to say that I think it is irrational to work toward global peace, overall environmental health, and an end to famine and serious epidemics. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Or again, when animal rights activists argue their case, at bottom it is because animals (at whatever link on the evolutionary chain they draw the line) have demonstrated at least the potential, if not actual, ability to value they attempt to avoid pain, they show affection for each other, show affection for humans, etc. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window). In recent years, probes have made a range of discoveries, including that a moon of Jupiter, called Europa, and a moon of Saturn, called Enceladus, have oceans under their surface ice that scientists think may harbor life. On a robotic spacecraft, the many different components and instruments on board are built by different companies, sometimes in several different countries, but yet all the pieces have to fit together perfectly in order for a mission to succeed. Like in Star Trek, space exploration offers an optimistic view of the future, and humanity. There is science and engineering that is being developed to push humanity forward in life. Critics derisively referred to it as "Star Wars." Social sciences give us the knowledge on how to Even if one accepts that there are intrinsic values, and that people (for the most part) are the kinds of beings that have such value, the move toward valuing the Earth is not one small leap for mankind. Space colonization is widely debated. How can the value of one planet ever override the value of spreading our humanity? Despite the large costs associated with space exploration, the multitude of discoveries in the past few decades has greatly improved daily life on Earth, the jobs the. If you understand how society thinks, you can improve it. Human space exploration helps to address fundamental questions about our place in the Universe and the history of our solar system. Human spaceflight is worth the risks and the cost because it expands human experience, establishes international prestige, and creates opportunities for the future. Will Light-Speed Space Travel Ever Be Possible? Their complex culture imploded. hart -> heart To be honest, the problem of space may exist even in space, at least for the possibly-inhabitable spaces nearest Earth. After all, when there are hundreds of thousands of acres of Brazilian Rainforest it is not at all appalling, even from the perspective of the most hard-core environmentalist, to imagine justly allowing a certain portion of it to be set aside for deforestation in the name of the agricultural desires of the indigenous peoples. As President Bush said in announcing his new initiative in January 2004, humans will spread through the solar system, fulfilling the vision of what British philosopher Olaf Stapledon 55 years ago called "interplanetary man." Eventually humans will spread into the cosmos at large. Some of these benefits are creating new beneficial jobs, and expanding our knowledge. link.gale/apps/doc/A406052768/AONE?u=nhc_main&sid=bookmark- New Horizons. Curiosity and exploration are vital to . Even if one is permitted to add on a room, this must be done with an eye to fitting with the previous structure. In 1969, on Apollo11, the United States sent the first astronauts to the Moon, and Neil Armstrong became the first human to set foot on its surface. Encyclopedia Britannica. Mars is focal point of modern space exploration, and manned Mars exploration is a long-term goal of the. Soon after that, the U.S.S.R. launched Luna 3. I chose this topic because I was curious about the potential affects Space Exploration may have on pollution. Weatherford argued that human lives are intrinsically valuable. Ive said only somewhat jokingly that if there are any alien species out there, waiting to make first contact with the people of Earth in order to unify our planet, now would be a good time. To be honest, the problem of space may exist even in space, at least for the possibly-inhabitable spaces nearest Earth. This will also identify the differing viewpoints on space exploration and whether the big picture is worth the small steps being taken as to advancements in space technology and sciences. Now that I h ave a basic understanding of the liberal arts it makes sense to look at everything you study through these 4 len ses. Intelligence-gathering satellites have been used to verify arms-control agreements, provide warnings of military threats, and identify targets during military operations, among other uses. Social Science And Humanities Lens: A Comparative Analysis. Space science and technology are projects for the whole of humankind, reaching not only outside Earths atmosphere, but also beyond our Solar System. the beneficial effects that the economic, social, and health aspects of the society sees from space exploration proves we have a definite need to continue funding for future space research because of. He repeated these claims after Yuri Gagarins orbital flight in 1961. The scope of value can be broadened from here, of course, via any number of analogous findings and connections, but not without the possible slippery pitfall into some kind of valuing everything on a par with everything else. In 2004 a privately financed venture sent a piloted spacecraft, SpaceShipOne, to the lower edge of space for three brief suborbital flights. A Brief History of Space Exploration | The Aerospace Corporation space exploration is being addressed by the social sciences and humanities or whether this multidisciplinary research is still just a subset within natural sciences. And thats what I think is the most exciting, gratifying, rewarding and profound aspect of exploring the cosmos.. Furthermore, outer space is one of the few places where the governments of the world may actually work together toward specific goals. Who hasnt looked at the night sky in wonder? This was SputnikII, a satellite that carried a living creature, a dog named Laika.Prior to the launch of Sputnik, the United States had been working on its own capability to launch a satellite. During the 1960s and 1970s, NASA also launched a series of space probes called Mariner, which studied Venus, Mars, and Mercury.Space stations marked the next phase of space exploration. In addition to providing security benefits, satellites offered military forces the potential for improved communications, weather observation, navigation, timing, and position location. Until humans resume such journeys of exploration, robotic spacecraft will continue to serve in their stead to explore the solar system and probe the mysteries of the universe. Winning the race to the moon ahead of Russia during the cold war made Neil Armstrong the astronaut equivalent of a rock star. Sixty years on from the placing of the first human-made object in orbit around Earth, space is now an integral part of our daily lives. Due to advances in electronics, science, and other technologies bringing about the creation of rockets, it quickly became viable to send machines and animals and then people beyond the barrier of Earth 's atmosphere into outer space. He says this is a step towards later taking a sub-orbital space journey. Over the past several months, I interviewed 37 NASA scientists and engineers from current robotic missions for a book I wrote, Incredible Stories From Space: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Missions Changing Our View of the Cosmos. In all these stories these scientists and engineers shared with me, several things stood out. Even before the first satellite was launched, U.S. leaders recognized that the ability to observe military activities around the world from space would be an asset to national security. However, what many refuses to understand is that without space exploration many of the innovations that we have today would not have existed. The first views of Earth from space and seeing the fragileness of our planet from a distance help launch the environmental movement in the 1970s, which continues today. By the end of the institute, participants developed a syllabus for a course or a plan for a paper or grant proposal. These milestones included Luna 2, which became the first human-made object to hit the Moon in 1959. exploration. The natural science and history lens explore how space exploration has effected technology and humans. space exploration, investigation, by means of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, of the reaches of the universe beyond Earths atmosphere and the use of the information so gained to increase knowledge of the cosmos and benefit humanity. Space exploration takes people working long hours, figuring out how to do things that have never been done before, and never giving up to succeed. The humanities lens looks at different forms of art to express culture and the human experience. The team that achieved this first U.S. satellite launch consisted largely of German rocket engineers who had once developed ballistic missiles for Nazi Germany. 360-degree Simulated View of the Sky Between Two Supermassive Black Holes. It is true that space exploration costs billions of dollars a year alone according to NASA current budget, which is constantly increasing. The supermassive black holes have some pretty nifty effects on the light created by the gas in the system. How is space exploration viewed through the social science lens If not you and me, then perhaps our great-great grandchildren? A classic example is the Apollo 8 view of the Earth over the Moons horizon. X. When, for example anti-abortionists argue their case, it is, at base because fetuses are at least potential, if not actual, people qua valuable and valuing beings. After all, in most cases of value, at least the potential for reciprocity is a necessary, if not sufficient, condition for value. Explorer carried several instruments into space for conducting science experiments. And finally, arent the virtually infinite number of strange, unforeseeable, and unyielding environments in outer space and on other planets precisely what humanity needs to evolve into its next stage? Most importantly for this discussion, how can one justify valuing the Earth without first having developed a relevant notion of value? Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Furthermore, education and money only fill in so many gaps in space, and space as a whole, should remain unscathed by humans. Easter Islands first inhabitants probably arrived around 400 AD, and linguistic and genetic evidence suggested they most likely came from East Polynesia. The U.S., the Soviet Union, Europe, and China also developed their own satellite-based global positioning systems, originally for military purposes, that could pinpoint a users exact location, help in navigating from one point to another, and provide very precise time signals. All of these activitiesdiscovery, scientific understanding, and the application of that understanding to serve human purposesare elements of space exploration. Team Moon: How 400,000 People Landed Apollo 11 on the Moon. Look up at the night sky, see the stars, planets and our closest neighbor, the moon. This reality meant that space exploration had to serve very broad interests, and it indeed has done so in a variety of ways. To have complete access to the thousands of philosophy articles on this site, please. This means that we can do whatever we want, as long as were determined. The natural science lens focuses on how space - Course Hero It is only natural to look up and wonder in awe at whats out there. However, unpiloted probes have traveled throughout our solar system. The History of Space Exploration - National Geographic Society I chose social science and Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Does that sound too utopian? Stephen Johnson explained that on the other side of the space argument, support for space exploration comes with Favoring private space endeavors, such as commercial launch systems, space tourism, and mining the Moon for resources (Johnson, Stephen B). Space has fascinated people around the world wondering and asking questions like are we ever going to explore beyond our planet and even the solar system, or what new technologies are going to be made from space exploration, what benefits have we already seen from space exploration, and countless more. These island-specific finch populations evolved from a single species. What role do the humanities and social sciences have in space? (For a general discussion of spacecraft, launch considerations, flight trajectories, and navigation, docking, and recovery procedures, see spaceflight.). Hawking and Musk have been known to advocate for Mars, primarily bc they feel that Mars is humanitys only avenue of survival in the face of the current status quo, i.e. Announcing the 2023-24 Humanities Institute Fellows One as in the beginning, in which it was a hunk of molten rock? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Is it possible to plan seven generations in advance? First, the need for complex equipment to carry out many scientific experiments and for the large teams of researchers to use that equipment led to costs that only governments could afford. View this brief Space explorations expands our horizons, feeds our curiosity, and helps us finding all sorts of unexpected things while helping to answer profound questions like how did the Universe begin? If we could only look for and encourage the best in each other, and simply spend time cooperating and working together, I think wed be amazed at what we could accomplish. Space exploration brings out a sense of inclusiveness. There are many areas that have been influenced by space and many ways that space can influence our lives or how we perceive it. My point here is not that a Buddhist-like one equal with everything view is wrong, but that such a view cannot easily be turned into any action at all, let alone specific actions toward saving the Earth. On April 20, 1961, in the aftermath of the Gagarin flight, he asked his advisers to identify a space program which promises dramatic results in which we could win. The response came in a May 8, 1961, memorandum recommending that the United States commit to sending people to the Moon, because dramatic achievements in spacesymbolize the technological power and organizing capacity of a nation and because the ensuing prestige would be part of the battle along the fluid front of the cold war. From 1961 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, competition between the United States and the Soviet Union was a major influence on the pace and content of their space programs. I always believed that the space exploration was a part of our history and our Space exploration | History, Definition, & Facts | Britannica PDF IDS The Four General Education Lenses - Southern New Hampshire University 1. Through contact with this project and a connected series of workshops, educators began to integrate cartographical methods into their own research projects. As humans, we are born with a natural desire to learn and discover. 3-1 Discussion - Space exploration through the four lenses That intangible desire to explore and challenge the boundaries of what we know and where we have been, as NASA has phrased it, has provided benefits to our society for centuries. After its flyby of Pluto, New Horizons An analysis of the effects of the NASA space program on the United States reveals a radical shift in educational policies, an influx of new an innovative technologies, and a renewed motivation and hope for the future. . Space Exploration Through Science & History Lens Jessica deVlugt IDS-100 06/08/2020 Introduction This focus of this presentation is Space Exploration as viewed though the lenses of Science and History. On a tour of Bostons Museum of Fine Arts, participants examined evolvingrepresentationsof space, place, and landscape across historical and geographical contexts. Space, according to Star Trek, is the final frontier. Why is this any less problematic than valuing the Earth? A walk along the Black Heritage Trail in Beacon Hill, encompassing over 15 antebellum sites and structures, inspired conversations about place and historical memory. It seems that due to their religious zeal (ie, the creation and erection of the giant statues or Moai, which needed to be transported to their destinations via numerous logs), the Rapanui suffered a history of deforestation, soil depletion, and erosion an overall devastating ecological scenario resulting in overpopulation, food shortages, cannibalism, and war. (Dr Jo Anne Van Tilburg, Nova, PBS On line, August 31, 2001.) As Georgia Douglass Johnson said the the poem Your World, in stanza 1 Your world is as big as you make it. contact binarythat is, two Kuiper belt objects that had merged together.. If the lesson from Easter Island is obvious, please forgive my forthcoming overstatement. Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew Along with any you like. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Space exploration - Science in space | Britannica Should you want to visualize the progress of American emancipation, theres amapfor that, too. The second Space Rocks, London, 2019 (in pictures), Logos for all crewed European spacefiights. Regardless of where one stands on these issues of value, one can give other reasons to support space colonization. Under such a moral imperative, humanity has no choice but to forge new frontiers for expansion. read. In a personal bid to show the feasibility of mass space travel, Hawking, who is paralysed with Lou Gehrigs disease, successfully took a zero gravity flight in April this year (see picture). Given the obvious environmental constraints that are inherent to Earth, Weatherford then argued for an increase in funding for and education about, space and space exploration, with a special emphasis on terraforming our Moon and Mars. Although the possibility of exploring space has long excited people in many walks of life, for most of the latter 20th century and into the early 21st century, only national governments could afford the very high costs of launching people and machines into space. Howell, Elizabeth. They illustrate a reality that has remained constant for a half centuryas space capabilities are developed, they often can be used for both military and civilian purposes. The United States made two failed attempts to launch a satellite into space before succeeding with a rocket that carried a satellite called Explorer on January 31, 1958. If any and all human life is valuable for its own sake, then we have a duty to generate more of it, ie to reproduce, and we have this duty regardless of pollution, overcrowding and other environmental crises. All of this is just the consequences of reproduction. Presentation on Space Exploration through the Social Science - Studocu Although the advantages and disadvantages of stationing force-delivery weapons in space have been debated, as of the early 21st century, such weapons had not been deployed, nor had space-based antisatellite systemsthat is, systems that can attack or interfere with orbiting satellites. Realizing that the U.S.S.R. had capabilities that exceeded U.S. technologies that could endanger Americans, the United States grew worried. Their interested in space has fathered the desire to know more. That planetary perspective is crucial to the future of humanity and our ability solve world-wide problems. : an American History - Chapters 1-5 summaries, BUS 225 Module One Assignment: Critical Thinking Kimberly-Clark Decision, 1-2 Short Answer Cultural Objects and Their Culture, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? 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