[38], Romania is one of the least urbanised countries in Europe. From the Slavs, it was passed on to other peoples, such as the Hungarians (Olh) and Greeks (Vlachoi) (see the Etymology section of Vlachs). Part I: Structure and Meaning, European Journal of Population", https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?pub=1124-originea-medievala-a-focarelor-de-conflict-din-peninsula-balcanica, " : , , ", " " / , https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/AnnaComnena-Alexiad.asp, https://archive.org/details/o-city-of-byzantium-annals-of-niketas-choniates-ttranslated-by-harry-j-magoulias-1984, http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_en/anzeige.php?pk=337176, https://archive.org/details/tabulaimperiibyz0000unse, "Treaty of Bucharest/Russo-Turkish history [1812]", "De ce este srbtorit Ziua Limbii Romne la 31 august", Magyar Trtnelmi Tr 4. sorozat 4. ktet 1903. The later Roman province Dacia Aureliana, was organized inside former Moesia Superior. Ethnicity - NHS Digital [113], Royal charters wrote of the "Vlachs' land" in southern Transylvania in the early 13th century, indicating the existence of autonomous Romanian communities. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. Race is defined as "a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits.". Lazr Edeleanu was the first chemist to synthesize amphetamine and also invented the modern method of refining crude oil. If you're traveling long distances by train, expect to be asked where you're going, where you're coming from and what you're doing in Romania. Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). Europeans have long portrayed the Roma/Gypsies as cunning outsiders who steal from local residents before moving. Estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from minimum 24 to maximum 30 million, in part depending on whether the definition of the term "Romanian" includes natives of both Romania and Moldova, their respective diasporas, and native speakers of both Romanian and other Eastern Romance languages (or Daco-Romance languages). [86] The document signed by Basil II to give the position of archon of the Vlachs to Nekulitsa is mentioned in Strategikon of Kekaumenos (written between 1075 and 1078 AD). Roman people. The majority of its inhabitants are ethnic Romanian and follow the Romanian Eastern Orthodox Church. [152] However, some non-specialist organisations have produced estimates which are considerably higher: a 2002 study by the Romanian-American Network Inc. mentions an estimated figure of 1,200,000[43] for the number of Romanian Americans. A lot. Just a slight majority, 56.4 percent, lives in urban areas (12,546,212 people in total). Romania - Daily life and social customs | Britannica 137-177. [170] The frequency of I2a1 (I-P37) in the Balkans today is owed to indigenous European hunter-gatherers tribes, and was present before the Slavic migrations to the Balkans. The province ceased to exist around 679681, when the region was overrun by the Bulgars, which the Emperor Constantine IV was forced to recognize in 681. [7], Romania's population has declined steadily in recent decades, from a peak of 23.2 million in 1990 to 19.12 million in 2021. Besides the separation of some groups (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians) during the Age of Migration, many Vlachs could be found all over the Balkans, in Transylvania,[75] across Carpathian Mountains[76] as far north as Poland and as far west as the regions of Moravia (part of the modern Czech Republic), some went as far east as Volhynia of western Ukraine, and the present-day Croatia where the Morlachs gradually disappeared, while the Catholic and Orthodox Vlachs took Croat and Serb national identity. About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per the 2022 Romanian census), whose native language, Romanian, is a Daco-Romance language, descended from Latin (more specifically from Vulgar Latin) with some French, German, English, Greek, Italian, Slavic, and Hungarian borrowings. Most of the specialists who have addressed these aspects have identified those " bold mountaineers ", with the 'Vlachs. The principal minorities in Romania are Hungarians ( Szeklers, Csangos, and Magyars; especially in Harghita, Covasna, and Mure counties) and Romani people, with a declining German population (in Timi, Sibiu, Braov, or Suceava) and smaller numbers of Poles in Bukovina (Austria-Hungary attracted Polish miners, who settled there from the Krakw Supplementary Tables", "Microsoft Word - REZULTATE DEFINITIVE RPL2011.doc", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "Bun venit la Institutul National de Statistica - Institutul National de Statistica", "Welcome to National Institute of Statistics | National Institute of Statistics", "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "POPULAIA ROMNIEI PE LOCALITI LA 1 IANUARIE 2016", "GHO - By category - Life expectancy and Healthy life expecancy - Data by country", "Countries Compared by People > Total population > Age 25-29 >% of the total. ISBN 963-9441-87-2. [98] [99][100] Accordingly, historians have located this homeland in several places, including Pannonia Inferior (Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu) and Dacia Aureliana (Mtys Gyni). In the context of the 1848 Romanticist and liberal revolutions across Europe, the events that took place in the Grand Principality of Transylvania were the first of their kind to unfold in the Romanian-speaking territories. More recently, filmmakers such as Cristi Puiu and Cristian Mungiu have attracted international acclaim, as has fashion designer Ioana Ciolacu. [107][108][109][110], By the 9th and 10th centuries, the nomadic Pechenegs conquered much of the steppes of Southeast Europe and the Crimean Peninsula.The Pecheneg wars against the Kievan Rus' caused some of the Slavs and Vlachs from North of the Danube to gradually migrate north of the Dniestr in the 10th and 11th centuries. In the 14th century the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia emerged to fight the Ottoman Empire. [126], Up until 1541, Transylvania was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, later (due to the conquest of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire) was a self-governed Principality governed by the Hungarian nobility. [134] According to Tomasz Kamusella, at the time of the rise of Romanian nationalism during the early 19th century, the political leaders of Wallachia and Moldavia were aware that the name Romnia was identical to Romania, a name that had been used for the former Byzantine Empire by its inhabitants. Romania is the largest of the countries of south-eastern . Romania has 41 counties and one city with a special status, namely Bucharest. The 2002 census indicates that 0.9% of the population is Greek Catholic, as opposed to about 10% prior to 1948. ara noastr a pierdut peste un milion de locuitori fa de acum 10 ani", International Boundary Study Hungary Romania (Rumania) Boundary, "The Slavonian Census of 1698. A Cross-Section Study of Relationship Characteristics and - Springer Ancient Rome | History, Government, Religion, Maps, & Facts As of 2017, an Ethnologue estimation puts the (worldwide) number of Romanian speakers at approximately 24.15 million. [147], To distinguish Romanians from the other Romanic peoples of the Balkans (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians), the term Daco-Romanian is sometimes used to refer to those who speak the standard Romanian language and live in the former territory of ancient Dacia (today comprising mostly Romania and Moldova) and its surroundings (such as Dobruja or the Timok Valley, the latter region part of the former Roman province of Dacia Ripensis).[148][149]. Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/RO, "Infant mortality rate - the World Factbook", "COMUNICAT DE PRES: 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor", "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)", "Populaia Romniei, creterea alarmant: Suntem la nivelul Germaniei. Roma | People, Meaning, History, Language, Lifestyle, & Facts [103] Anna Komnene reports that in 1094, on the occasion of the Cumans' campaign south of the Danube, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos was informed about the movements of the "Turanians", who had crossed the Danube by "a certain Pudilos, a Vlach noble". In 2019, the PNL-supported Iohannis was re-elected for a second term as president after a second round landslide victory in the 2019 Romanian presidential election (being also supported in that round by PMP and USR as well as by the FDGR/DFDR in both rounds). Five years later, Bsescu (solely supported by the PDL this time) was narrowly re-elected for a second term in the 2009 presidential elections. The early Romans adopted culture from their neighbors, the Greeks, and Etruscans, in particular, but imprinted their unique stamp on their borrowings. Prior to the two wars, Decebalus defeated a Roman invasion during the reign of Domitian between 86 and 88 AD.[64]. [61][62] Romanians also form an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, Southeastern, and Eastern Europe, most notably in Hungary, Serbia (including Timok), and Ukraine. Roma Culture: Customs, Traditions & Beliefs | Live Science What are Romanians like? - 15 surprising personality traits As a result, at the end of the war, Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina were awarded to Romania, through a series of international peace treaties, resulting in an enlarged and far more powerful kingdom under King Ferdinand I. Etiquette and Manners in Romania Meeting and Greeting Initial greetings are formal and reserved: a handshake, direct eye contact, and the appropriate greeting for the time of day. Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Bucharest and other cities have again become increasingly cosmopolitan, including identifiable presences from outside the EU (Chinese, Turks, Moldovans, Syrians, Iraqis, Africans) as well as from the EU (French, Italians, Germans, British, Greeks). In the meantime, Romania's major foreign policy achievements were the alignment with Western Europe and the United States by joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) back in 2004 and the European Union three years later, in 2007. [93] John Skylitzes mentions the Vlachs around 976 AD, as guides and guards of Byzantine caravans in the Balkans. The Romanians (Romanian: romni, pronounced[romn]; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking[56][57][58][59] ethnic group. According to the 2011 Romanian census, 2.5% of ethnic Romanians in Romania identified themselves as Catholic (in comparison to 5% of Romania's total population, including other ethnic groups). Country comparison to the world: 106th, This page was last edited on 18 April 2023, at 05:54. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). Editura Corint, 2001. isbn: 9736531910 (973-653-191-0)(The wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their medieval origins), A. Decei, V. Ciocltan, "La mention des Roumains (Walah) chez Al-Maqdisi", in Romano-arabica I, Bucharest, 1974, pp. Count Dracula is a worldwide icon of Romania. Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. [157] However, the actual rate of church attendance is significantly lower and many Romanians are only nominally believers. [172] Haplogroup R1a, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to southern Siberia and South Asia. Romania, country of southeastern Europe. Romanians form the third largest ethno-linguistic group among Eastern Orthodox in the world. [114] Papal correspondence mentions the activities of Orthodox prelates among the Romanians in Muntenia in the 1230s. [6] With a population of about 19,000,000 people in 2022, Romania received 989,357 Ukrainian refugees on 27 May 2022, according to the United Nations (UN). Unpaid care and protected characteristics; ethnic group, England and Romania - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette [162], According to a triple analysis autosomal, mitochondrial and paternal of available data from large-scale studies, the whole genome SNP data situates Romanians are most closely related to Bulgarians, Macedonians, followed by other European populations, which form a coherent cluster among worldwide populations. If we need to, we refer to either 'aggregated' ethnic groups or ethnic groups 'as a whole'. "Moldavan", ed. Later on, it borrowed a number of words from German, Hungarian, and Turkish. [175] [176] Other studies analyzing the haplogroup frequency among Romanians came to similar results. During the interwar period, two additional monarchs came to the Romanian throne, namely Carol II and Michael I. [79] According to the early 13th century medieval Hungarian book Gesta Hungarorum the invading Magyars of King rpd During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (to the former Soviet Union, now Moldova and Ukraine) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria). A disparity can be observed between official sources (such as census counts) where they exist, and estimates which come from non-official sources and interested groups. Although the relatively newly founded Kingdom of Romania initially allied with Austria-Hungary, Romania refused to enter World War I on the side of the Central Powers, because it was obliged to wage war only if Austria-Hungary was attacked. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. [124][125]White Wallachia, a Byzantine denomination for the region between the Danube River and the Balkans; Moravian Wallachia, a region in south-eastern Czech Republic). 1. The Romans ( Latin: Rmn; Ancient Greek: , romanized : Rhmaoi) [a] were a cultural group, variously referred to as an ethnicity [2] [3] [b] or a nationality, [4] [5] that in classical antiquity, from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD, came to rule large parts of Europe, the Near East and North . [37], The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. This estimate notes however that "other immigrants of Romanian national minority groups have been included such as: Armenians, Germans, Gypsies, Hungarians, Jews, and Ukrainians". [60] In one interpretation of the 1989 census results in Moldova, the majority of Moldovans were counted as ethnic Romanians in this country as well. During the late Middle Ages, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as Bogdan of Moldavia, Stephen the Great, Mircea the Elder, Michael the Brave, or Vlad the Impaler took part actively in the history of Central Europe by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the Kingdom of Poland or the Kingdom of Hungary in these causes. III, Bucharest, 1975, VI, pp 3. Wood carving, pottery, and woolen rug weaving are some of the traditional Romanian handicrafts. Curta, Florin (2006), pp. [44], Population by ethnicity based on age groups, according to the 2011 census:[45], Foreign-born population (according to Eurostat):[46]. George Constantinescu created the theory of sonics, while mathematician tefan Odobleja has been claimed as "the ideological father behind cybernetics" his work The Consonantist Psychology (Paris, 1938) was supposedly the main source of inspiration for N. Wiener's Cybernetics (Paris, 1948). of the Balkan Peninsula dates back to 980. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. [142], Other researchers have expressed a different point of view and have doubted or denied the continuity of the ethonym "Romanian" from "Roman", at least on an ethnic sense. Birth rates are generally higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. That year, the governor of Servia, Nikulitsa received the position of leader (archon) of the Vlachs from Hellas from Emperor Basil II. The name Romanian is derived from Latin romanus, meaning "Roman". "Scythia Minor". Other speakers of the latter languages are the Aromanians, the Megleno-Romanians, and the Istro-Romanians (native to Istria, Croatia), all of them unevenly distributed throughout the Balkan Peninsula, which may be considered either Romanian subgroups or separated yet, nevertheless, related ethnicities. It is known as "Limba noastr".[130][131]. Hbork s hadvisels az rpdok korban [Wars and Tactics under the rpds] (in Hungarian). On the one hand, the Transylvanian Saxons and the Transylvanian Romanians (with consistent support on behalf of the Austrian Empire) successfully managed to oppose the goals of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, with the two noteworthy historical figures leading the common Romanian-Saxon side at the time being Avram Iancu and Stephan Ludwig Roth. Stanescu, Eugen. Where . Wallachia, the Southern region of Romania, takes its name from the same source. The territories of modern-day Romania and Moldova were inhabited by the ancient Getae and Dacian tribes. Short list of features that characterize Romanian women The origins of the Romanian language, a Romance language, can be traced back to the Roman colonisation of the region. There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania because a lot of people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Romani. It has been said that they constitute "an island of Latinity"[5] in Eastern Europe, surrounded on all sides either by Slavic peoples (namely Southern Slavic peoples and Eastern Slavic peoples) or by the Hungarians. The Roma culture has a rich oral tradition, with an emphasis on family. Krist, Gyula (2003). An older form of romn was still in use in some regions. During the Middle Ages, Romanian was isolated from the other Romance languages, and borrowed words from the nearby Slavic languages (see Slavic influence on Romanian). Chabout imagine la vie cache des muses dans un roman graphique [23] Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. V. Klyuchevsky, The course of the Russian history. During the 1870s, the United Romanian Principalities (then led by Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Domnitor Carol I) fought a War of Independence against the Ottomans, with Romania's independence being formally recognised in 1878 at the Treaty of Berlin. Ethnicity can include a variety of elements such as ancestry, culture, identity, religion, language, and physical appearance. If to talk about color of hair, many Romanian women are brunettes. [162][165] This theory is a compromise between the immigrationist and the continuity theories. [116][117], The late 13th-century Hungarian chronicler Simon of Kza states that the Vlachs were "shepherds and husbandmen" who "remained in Pannonia". After the Roman Catholic-Eastern Orthodox Schism of 1054, there existed a Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania for a short period of time, from 1228 to 1241. By the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire was awarded by the Ottomans with the region of Bukovina and, in 1812, the Russians occupied the eastern half of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia through the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812.[127]. See, for example, Fabio Bordignon, "Italian Decentralisation in Romania", SEF 2003, Warsaw. The Istro-Romanians are the closest ethnic group to the Romanians, and it is believed they left Maramure, Transylvania about a thousand years ago and settled in Istria, Croatia. [161] Numbering about 500 people still living in the original villages of Istria while the majority left for other countries after World War II (mainly to Italy, United States, Canada, Spain, Germany, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, and Australia), they speak the Istro-Romanian language, the closest living relative of Romanian. Romanians have played and contributed a major role in the advancement of the arts, culture, sciences, technology and engineering.
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